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Index

Detailed Syllabus

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Syllabus Details

1. Atomic Structure and Periodicity

  • Concept of atom and subatomic particles
  • Atomic models: Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr models
  • Dual nature of matter and radiation
  • Heisenberg uncertainty principle
  • Quantum mechanical model of atom
  • Atomic orbitals, shapes, and orientations
  • Quantum numbers: principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin
  • Electronic configuration of elements
  • Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule
  • Periodic table: long form periodic table
  • Periodic properties: atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity
  • Variation of properties across periods and groups

2. Noble Gases

  • Position of noble gases in the periodic table
  • Electronic configuration of noble gases
  • General properties: physical and chemical properties
  • Reasons for inertness
  • Compounds of noble gases (especially xenon compounds)
  • Uses of noble gases in industry, medicine, lighting, and research

3. Chemical Bonding

  • Cause of chemical bonding

  • Types of chemical bonds

  • Ionic bond

  • Covalent bond
  • Coordinate covalent bond
  • Metallic bond
  • Hydrogen bond
  • Bond parameters: bond length, bond angle, bond energy
  • Polarity of bonds and molecules
  • Valence bond theory
  • Hybridization and molecular geometry
  • Molecular orbital theory
  • Bonding in homonuclear and heteronuclear molecules
  • Theory of resonance and resonating structures

4. Solid State and Defects in Solids

  • Classification of solids: crystalline and amorphous
  • Types of crystal lattices
  • Unit cell and packing efficiency

  • Imperfections in solids

  • Point defects

  • Schottky defect
  • Frenkel defect
  • Non-stoichiometric defects
  • Effect of defects on physical properties

5. Semiconductors

  • Classification of solids based on conductivity
  • Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors
  • n-type and p-type semiconductors
  • Doping and its effect
  • Crystal structure of silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), boron (B), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P)
  • Applications of semiconductors

6. Electronic and Band Theory

  • Energy bands in solids
  • Valence band and conduction band
  • Band gap concept
  • Band theory of conductors, semiconductors, and insulators
  • Effect of temperature on conductivity

7. Molecular Structure of Compounds

  • Lewis structures
  • VSEPR theory
  • Shapes of simple molecules
  • Hybridization and molecular geometry
  • Polarity and dipole moment

8. Selective Organic Reactions

  • Classification of organic reactions

  • Addition reactions

  • Substitution reactions
  • Elimination reactions
  • Rearrangement reactions
  • Basic reaction mechanisms
  • Simple examples of industrial and biological importance

9. Solutions

  • Types of solutions based on physical states
  • Solubility and factors affecting solubility
  • Concentration terms: molarity, molality, normality, mole fraction
  • Ideal and non-ideal solutions

10. Phase Rule and Phase Diagrams

  • Gibbs phase rule
  • Phase diagram of one-component (monocomponent) system
  • Phase diagram of water
  • Triple point and critical point
  • Applications of phase rule

11. Properties of Dilute Solutions

  • Colligative properties

  • Relative lowering of vapor pressure

  • Elevation of boiling point
  • Depression of freezing point
  • Osmotic pressure
  • Abnormal molecular mass and van’t Hoff factor

12. Thermochemistry

  • System and surroundings
  • Types of thermodynamic systems
  • Laws of thermodynamics (basic idea)
  • Enthalpy changes
  • Hess’s law
  • Bond energy and calorimetry

13. Chemical Kinetics

  • Rate of chemical reaction
  • Factors affecting reaction rate
  • Rate law and order of reaction
  • Molecularity
  • Activation energy
  • Arrhenius equation

14. Chemical Equilibrium

  • Reversible and irreversible reactions
  • Law of mass action
  • Equilibrium constant
  • Factors affecting equilibrium (Le Chatelier’s principle)

15. Ionization of Water and pH Concept

  • Self-ionization of water
  • Ionic product of water (Kw)
  • pH and pOH scale
  • Acids, bases, and salts
  • Strong and weak acids and bases
  • Buffer solutions and their importance

16. Electrical Properties of Solutions

  • Electrolytes and non-electrolytes
  • Strong and weak electrolytes
  • Conductance of solutions
  • Specific conductance and equivalent conductance
  • Kohlrausch’s law
  • Applications of conductance measurements