Journal and tabular sheet rules
đĩ 1. Assets (āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻĻ)Âļ
Definition: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻžāύāĻžāϧā§āύ āĻ āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āϞāĻžāĻ āĻāύāĻžāϰ āĻā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻžāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύā§āύ āĻŦāϏā§āϤā§/āϏā§āĻŦāĻž
Common Transactions/Items:
- Land
- Building
- Machinery
- Furniture
- Vehicle
- Equipment
- Computer & Printers
- Cash in Hand
- Cash at Bank
- Inventory / Stock
- Debtors / Accounts Receivable
- Prepaid Expenses (āĻ āĻā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻāϰāĻ)
- Investments
- Goodwill
- Trademark, Patent, Copyright
- Security Deposit
đ´ 2. Expenditure / Cost (āĻŦā§āϝā§/āĻāϰāĻ)Âļ
Definition: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻž āĻāĻžāϞāĻžāύā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āύāĻŋā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āϝā§āϏāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻ āĻšā§
Common Transactions/Items:
- Salary / Wages
- Rent
- Office Supplies
- Refreshment
- Printing & Stationery
- Utility Bills (Gas, Water, Electricity)
- Internet & Mobile Bill
- Repairs & Maintenance
- Advertisement
- Traveling Expense
- Training Expense
- Insurance Expense
- Interest Paid
- Depreciation
- Bad Debt
- Legal Charges
- Audit Fees
đĄ 3. Revenue (āĻā§)Âļ
Definition: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻž āĻĨā§āĻā§ āĻ āϰā§āĻāĻŋāϤ āĻā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāύāĻāĻžāĻŽ
Common Transactions/Items:
- Sales (Product Sales)
- Service Income (Consultancy, Tuition)
- Commission Received
- Rent Received
- Interest Received
- Discount Received
- Dividend Received
- Royalty Income
- Subscription Fee (āϝāĻĻāĻŋ membership-based āĻšā§)
âĢ 4. Liabilities (āĻĻāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŖ)Âļ
Definition: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžāϰ āĻ āύā§āϝā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻĻāĻžā§ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻŦāĻŋāώā§āϝāϤ⧠āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻļā§āϧāϝā§āĻā§āϝ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ
Common Transactions/Items:
- Bank Loan
- Creditors / Accounts Payable
- Unpaid Salary / Outstanding Salary
- Unpaid Rent
- Accrued Expenses
- Bills Payable
- Advance Received from Customers
- Taxes Payable (VAT, Income Tax)
- Loan from Partners or Directors
- Debentures
- Interest Payable
đŖ 5. Capital (āĻŽā§āϞāϧāύ)Âļ
Definition: āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāϏāĻžā§ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ/āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻāĻĻā§āϰ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻŋā§ā§āĻāĻā§āϤ āĻ āϰā§āĻĨ
Common Transactions/Items:
- Ownerâs Investment
- Additional Capital Introduced
- Net Profit Transferred to Capital
- Less: Drawings (āĻŦā§āϝāĻā§āϤāĻŋāĻāϤ āĻāϰāĻā§āϰ āĻāύā§āϝ āĻŽāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ āĻāϰā§āϤā§āĻ āϤā§āϞāĻž āĻāĻžāĻāĻž)