Syallabus In Details
1. Semiconductor Devices¶
PN Junction Diode¶
- Formation of PN junction
- Depletion region and barrier potential
- Drift current
- Diffusion current
- Equilibrium condition in a PN junction
2. Diode¶
Construction and Biasing¶
- Physical construction of a diode
- Forward bias
- Reverse bias
V–I Characteristics¶
- Forward region behavior
- Reverse region behavior
- Cut-in voltage
- Breakdown region
3. Zener Diode¶
Zener Diode Operation¶
- Zener breakdown
- Avalanche breakdown
- V–I characteristics of Zener diode
Zener Regulator¶
- Circuit diagram
- Principle of voltage regulation
- Line regulation
- Load regulation
4. Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)¶
BJT Basics¶
- Construction of BJT
- Modes of operation
- BJT V–I characteristics
Common Emitter (CE) Configuration¶
- Input characteristics
- Output characteristics
- Current gain (β)
- Advantages of CE configuration
BJT Current Equation¶
- Collector current equation
- Relationship between IB, IC, and IE
h-Parameter Model¶
- h-parameters in CE configuration
- Small-signal equivalent circuit
- Applications of h-parameter model
5. MOSFET¶
Types of MOSFET¶
- DMOS (Depletion-type MOSFET)
- EMOS (Enhancement-type MOSFET)
V–I Characteristics¶
- Cut-off region
- Triode (ohmic) region
- Saturation region
Transconductance¶
- Definition of transconductance
- Expression for transconductance
- Importance in amplification
MOSFET Current Equation¶
- Drain current equation in different regions
6. Moll Current Equation¶
- Purpose of Moll equation
- Relation with transistor current behavior
- Application in semiconductor analysis
Chapter 1: Rectifiers and Power Supply Fundamentals¶
1.1 Introduction to Rectifiers¶
- Purpose of rectification
- Difference between AC and DC
- Role of rectifiers in electronic circuits
1.2 Half-Wave Rectifier¶
- Circuit construction
- Working principle
- Input and output waveforms
- DC output voltage
- Ripple factor
- Efficiency
- Advantages and disadvantages
- Applications
1.3 Full-Wave Rectifier¶
-
Types of full-wave rectifier
-
Center-tapped rectifier
- Bridge rectifier
- Circuit construction
- Working principle
- Input and output waveforms
- DC output voltage
- Ripple factor
- Efficiency
- Comparison with half-wave rectifier
- Applications
Chapter 2: Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)¶
2.1 Introduction to Transistors¶
- Need for transistors
- Difference between diode and transistor
2.2 Construction of BJT¶
- NPN and PNP transistor
- Emitter, base, and collector
- Doping levels and physical structure
2.3 Working Principle of BJT¶
- Transistor action
- Carrier movement
- Current components
2.4 Modes of Operation¶
- Cut-off region
- Active region
- Saturation region
2.5 BJT Characteristics¶
- Input characteristics
- Output characteristics
- Transfer characteristics
2.6 Applications of BJT¶
- As a switch
- As an amplifier
Chapter 3: Unijunction Transistor (UJT)¶
3.1 Introduction to UJT¶
- Basic structure
- Terminals of UJT
3.2 Construction of UJT¶
- Physical structure
- Equivalent circuit
3.3 UJT Operation¶
- Working principle
- Emitter characteristics
3.4 Negative Resistance Concept¶
- Meaning of negative resistance
- V–I characteristic curve
- Explanation of peak point and valley point
3.5 Applications of UJT¶
- Relaxation oscillator
- Triggering of SCR
Chapter 4: Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET)¶
4.1 Introduction to FET¶
- Comparison between BJT and FET
- Advantages of FET
4.2 Construction of JFET¶
- N-channel JFET
- P-channel JFET
- Gate, source, and drain
4.3 Working Principle of JFET¶
- Depletion region
- Pinch-off voltage
- Drain current control
4.4 JFET V–I Characteristics¶
- Output characteristics
- Transfer characteristics
4.5 Applications of JFET¶
- Amplifier
- Switch
Chapter 5: Filters in Power Supplies¶
5.1 Need for Filters¶
- Ripple in rectifier output
- Importance of smoothing
5.2 Capacitor Input Filter¶
- Circuit diagram
- Working principle
- Advantages and limitations
5.3 Choke Input Filter¶
- Circuit diagram
- Working principle
- Comparison with capacitor filter
Chapter 6: Amplifiers¶
6.1 Introduction to Amplifiers¶
- Definition of amplification
- Types of amplifiers
6.2 Common Emitter (CE) Amplifier¶
- Circuit diagram
- Working principle
- Voltage gain
- Current gain
- Power gain
6.3 CE Amplifier with Feedback¶
- Concept of feedback
- Effect of feedback on gain
- Stability and bandwidth
6.4 CE Amplifier without Feedback¶
- Gain and frequency response
6.5 Frequency Response of CE Amplifier¶
- Low frequency response
- Mid frequency response
- High frequency response
6.6 CS MOSFET Amplifier¶
- Circuit diagram
- Working principle
- Gain analysis
- Applications
Chapter 7: Oscillators¶
7.1 Introduction to Oscillators¶
- Need for oscillations
- Difference between amplifier and oscillator
7.2 Basic Conditions for Oscillation¶
- Barkhausen criterion
7.3 Role of Feedback in Oscillators¶
Chapter 8: Operational Amplifier¶
8.1 Introduction to Operational Amplifier¶
- Ideal op-amp characteristics
- Practical op-amp limitations
8.2 Inverting Amplifier¶
- Circuit diagram
- Gain derivation
- Applications
8.3 Non-Inverting Amplifier¶
- Circuit diagram
- Gain derivation
- Comparison with inverting amplifier
8.4 Applications of Operational Amplifier¶
8.4.1 Summing Amplifier¶
- Principle
- Applications
8.4.2 Subtractor¶
- Circuit operation
- Applications
8.4.3 Integrator¶
- Working principle
- Output waveform
8.4.4 Differentiator¶
- Working principle
- Output waveform
Chapter 9: Op-Amp Based Converters and Filters¶
9.1 Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)¶
- Basic concept
- Working principle
9.2 Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)¶
- Basic concept
- Working principle
9.3 Active Filters¶
- Low pass filter
- First order low pass filter
- First order high pass filter
- Frequency response